I think it is possible, the way I see it, a good angle to start would be describing the conference experience and then matching Discourse features (including plugin features) to it.
It may require some 3rd party integrations for maybe video, but I vaguely recall a Jitsi integration being available at some time in the past, maybe it is more mature now or something else is available now.
Also, using Discourse this way will require a lot of customising to make the UX of it make sense to the end user. While this is obvious, I say this because when I tried to use Discourse for my own projects, it would feel and look good for me, but the end users are confused.