If you have created those fields via the Admin → Customize → User Fields, you need to pass it as
$parameters = array(
'nonce' => $nonce,
'external_id' => 'jay',
'email' => 'bugsbunny@betaclub.org',
'username' => 'bugsbunny@betaclub.org',
'name' => 'Bugs Bunny',
'add_groups' => 'state_sponsors',
'custom.user_field_1' => 'Pro',
'custom.user_field_2' => 'FL',
);
The field names aren’t the name you set on the UI, but numbered fields named user_field_NUMBER.