I just joined a Discourse forum with thousands of old posts. I would like to mark all of them as "unread"

If you want to show them on the Unread tab, yes.

There’s a checkbox in the interface preferences that enables it. When you enable if there’s an option at the bottom of a thread with the other topic controls that you can click. It marks the topic as having the last post as Unread.

I use it quite often on the NaNoWriMo forums.