You should NOT drop the index!
You just need to delete the duplicate record.
Find the second record with user_id= -4 and category_id 9 and delete it using it’s id
This is a risky operation so first check with:
SELECT FROM category_users WHERE id = <the second id>;
to ensure it just brings back one record, then:
DELETE FROM category_users WHERE id = <the second id>;
Can you recall what if any changes you made wrt to the bot?