It’s hard to see all 100% features and settings at once, considering there are so many. See:
Topics showing how to Discourse by reading and writing content, and navigating Discourse sites. (Index)
as a good starting place.
For settings, there’s virtually hundreds thousands of them, but you can see the full list here:
# Available options:
#
# default - The default value of the setting. For upload site settings, use the id of the upload seeded
# in db/fixtures/010_uploads.rb.
# client - Set to true if the javascript should have access to this setting's value.
# refresh - Set to true if clients should refresh when the setting is changed.
# min - For a string setting, the minimum length. For an integer setting, the minimum value.
# max - For a string setting, the maximum length. For an integer setting, the maximum value.
# regex - A regex that the value must match.
# validator - The name of the class that will be use to validate the value of the setting.
# allow_any - For choice settings allow items not specified in the choice list (default true)
# secret - Set to true if input type should be password and value needs to be scrubbed from logs (default false).
# enum - The setting has a fixed set of allowed values, and only one can be chosen.
# Set to the class name that defines the set.
# locale_default - A hash which overrides according to `SiteSetting.default_locale`.
# The key should be as the same as possible value of default_locale.
# mandatory_values - A list of mandatory values that must be included in the setting, these cannot be changed or removed
# in the UI.
# disallowed_groups - A list of group IDs (pipe-separated) that should be hidden from the group selector.
# These groups cannot be selected and will be stripped if set via API.
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But that won’t help much. You best bet is to try features at try.discourse.org , and look at settings in the Admin panel, where there’s descriptions for settings.