Email From: headers lost their "via SITENAME" text

The via is likely added by the MUA to show the Sender.

Can you dig out and show the From, Reply-To, Subject, and Sender headers from old and new emails?

There was not. There’s:

notification_email     # env var: DISCOURSE_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL
reply_by_email_address # env var: DISCOURSE_REPLY_BY_EMAIL_ADDRESS