Clone an existing discourse forum, without access to the server itself?

The default license for Discourse content is Creative Commons, so you could do that. It is always nice to ask first, of course.

@spikerbond even if a bunch of people exported all their individual posts, wouldn’t that leave conversations in a weird, hole ridden state like a bunch of swiss cheese? What happens to topics people replied to, but nobody has a copy of the first post because they didn’t start the topic?

I don’t think this is feasible from a technical standpoint. If you want to fork the community, that’s your right, but I think you have to do it from first principles, starting from scratch.