사용자에게 랜덤한 다이제스트 시간을 지정할 수 있나요?

You want to do it from Rails rather than modify the database directly.

But you could

./launcher enter app
su - postgres 
psql discourse

and have at it.

You can look at Administrative Bulk Operations and, I think, find some examples that look like

users=User.where(something)
users.each do |user|
   user.update(field: value)
end