Can category moderators be prevented from reviewing flags on their own posts?

Even the most trusted can be tempted. Mod powers and controls should have more finer controls.

There is also a Customization > Theme component called report to group that can be handy as well that does not use the flagging system that can be helpful as another path.

This is the huge benefit with Discourse being extendible through Customization > Plugin & Customization > Theme component is that with some programming knowledge and/or a budget it is possible to achieve a desired effect.

A Customization > Plugin that is great to extend moderator and category moderator capabilities is