공식 설치 가이드에 따라 Discourse를 배포하는 것이 더 편리하고 안전하지만, 컨테이너를 더 깊이 파고들어 Docker 없이 Linux에서 어떻게 배포할 수 있는지 살펴보고 싶습니다. 이 단계들을 공유하는 것은 단지 참고용입니다. 해당 내용을 적용하고 사용하는 것은 전적으로 본인의 책임 하에 이루어져야 합니다.
컨테이너에서 Discourse가 실행되는 방식을 자세히 살펴보기
./launcher start-cmd webonly의 출력을 살펴봅니다:
true run --shm-size=512m --link data:data -d --restart=always -e LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -e RAILS_ENV=production … --name webonly -t -v /var/discourse/shared/webonly:/shared … local_discourse/webonly /sbin/boot
이후 /sbin/boot와 /etc/service/unicorn/run을 살펴보면 Discourse를 시작하는 핵심 명령을 알 수 있습니다:
LD_PRELOAD=$RUBY_ALLOCATOR HOME=/home/discourse USER=discourse exec thpoff chpst -u discourse:www-data -U discourse:www-data bundle exec config/unicorn_launcher -E production -c config/unicorn.conf.rb
시스템 준비
참고로 저는 Ubuntu 24.04와 zsh를 사용합니다.
PG의 공식 설치 가이드를 따라 PostgreSQL Apt Repository에서 postgres를 설치합니다. 작성 시점의 공식 설치에서는 15버전을 사용하지만, 저는 18버전을 설치했으며 잘 작동합니다.
redis(작성 시점의 공식 설치에서는 7.0을 사용하지만 8.2), nginx를 설치하고 전용 사용자 discourse를 생성합니다:
apt install nginx libnginx-mod-http-brotli-static redis zsh zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting
systemctl enable --now postgresql redis nginx
useradd -m -s /bin/zsh discourse
ImageMagick 7을 설치합니다(저는 IMEI를 사용)하고 버전을 확인합니다. 제 버전은 다음과 같습니다:
magick --version
Version: ImageMagick 7.1.2-3 Q16-HDRI
이후 사용자를 변경(su - discourse)하고 pnpm, rvm을 설치합니다.
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | zsh -
curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash
그리고 다음 설정을 .zshrc에 맞게 수정하여 추가합니다.
/home/discourse/.zshrc
# pnpm
export PNPM_HOME="/home/discourse/.local/share/pnpm"
case ":$PATH:" in
*":$PNPM_HOME:"*) ;;
*) export PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$PATH" ;;
esac
# pnpm end
alias npm='pnpm'
alias npx='pnpx'
# Add RVM to PATH for scripting. Make sure this is the last PATH variable change.
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin"
export ALLOW_EMBER_CLI_PROXY_BYPASS=1
export RAILS_ENV=production
export UNICORN_SIDEKIQ_MAX_RSS=1000
export UNICORN_WORKERS=4
export UNICORN_SIDEKIQS=1
export PUMA_SIDEKIQ_MAX_RSS=1000
export PUMA_WORKERS=4
export PUMA_SIDEKIQS=1
#export RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1
#export RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-yjit"
export DISCOURSE_HOSTNAME=example.com
export DISCOURSE_DEVELOPER_EMAILS=discourse-admin@example.com
export DISCOURSE_MAXMIND_ACCOUNT_ID=<id>
export DISCOURSE_MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=<key>
export DISCOURSE_ENABLE_CORS=true
export DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_PER_IP_MODE=none
export DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_PER_IP_PER_MINUTE=20000
export DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_PER_IP_PER_10_SECONDS=5000
export DISCOURSE_MAX_ASSET_REQS_PER_IP_PER_10_SECONDS=20000
export DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_RATE_LIMIT_ON_PRIVATE=false
export DISCOURSE_MAX_USER_API_REQS_PER_MINUTE=200
export DISCOURSE_MAX_USER_API_REQS_PER_DAY=28800
export DISCOURSE_MAX_ADMIN_API_REQS_PER_MINUTE=600
export DISCOURSE_MAX_DATA_EXPLORER_API_REQ_MODE=none
export DISCOURSE_MAX_REQS_PER_IP_EXCEPTIONS="127.0.0.1 ::1"
cd /var/www/discourse
.zshrc가 적용되도록 discourse 사용자로 로그아웃했다가 다시 로그인합니다.
node와 ruby를 설치합니다:
pnpm env use --global latest # 작성 시점에는 node 24.9가 설치됩니다. 공식 설치에서는 22를 사용합니다.
rvm get master
rvm install 3.4 # 작성 시점에는 ruby 3.4.6이 설치됩니다. 공식 설치에서는 3.3을 사용합니다.
rvm use 3.4 --default
데이터베이스 준비 (및 백업 복원)
sudo -u postgres createuser -s discourse
sudo -u postgres createdb discourse
$sudo -u postgres psql discourse
psql>
ALTER USER discourse WITH PASSWORD 'xxx';
CREATE EXTENSION hstore;CREATE EXTENSION pg_trgm;
CREATE EXTENSION plpgsql;
CREATE EXTENSION unaccent;
CREATE EXTENSION vector;
# 백업에서 추출한 데이터베이스를 복원하려면:
$ gunzip < dump.sql.gz | psql discourse
백업을 복원하려면 public 폴더와 plugins 폴더도 복사해야 합니다.
Discourse 설치
root 사용자로:
cd /var/www/
git clone https://github.com/discourse/discourse
mkdir -p /var/www/discourse/public
chown -R discourse:discourse /var/www/discourse/
chown -R discourse:www-data /var/www/discourse/public
config/discourse.conf를 구성합니다:
config/discourse.conf
max_data_explorer_api_req_mode = 'none'
max_user_api_reqs_per_day = '28800'
hostname = '127.0.0.1'
hostname = 'example.com'
redis_host = '127.0.0.1'
db_password = '<password>'
db_socket = ''
max_reqs_per_ip_per_10_seconds = '5000'
max_asset_reqs_per_ip_per_10_seconds = '20000'
max_reqs_rate_limit_on_private = 'false'
developer_emails = 'discourse-admin@example.com'
max_user_api_reqs_per_minute = '200'
maxmind_license_key = '<key>'
maxmind_account_id = '<id>'
max_reqs_per_ip_per_minute = '20000'
db_host = '127.0.0.1'
enable_cors = 'true'
db_port = ''
max_reqs_per_ip_mode = 'none'
max_admin_api_reqs_per_minute = '600'
smtp_user_name = '<name>'
smtp_address = 'postal.example.com'
smtp_port = '25'
smtp_password = '<password>'
smtp_domain = 'postalsend.example.com'
notification_email = 'noreply@postalsend.example.com'
bundle / pnpm 설치, db 마이그레이션, 자산 프리컴파일 등을 수행합니다. 이것이 또한 Discourse와 플러그인을 업그레이드하는 방법이기도 합니다.
discourse 사용자로:
cd /var/www/discourse
git stash
git pull
git checkout tests-passed
cd plugins
for plugin in *
do
echo $plugin; cd ${plugin}; git pull; cd ..
done
cd ../
sed -i '/gem "rails_multisite"/i gem "rails"' Gemfile
bundle install --jobs $(($(nproc) - 1))
pnpm i
bundle exec rake db:migrate
bundle exec rake themes:update
bundle exec rake assets:precompile
unicorn을 사용하고자 하지 않습니다. Heroku는 Unicorn 대신 Puma 웹 서버 사용을 권장합니다. config/unicorn.conf.rb를 참고하여 작성한 제 config/puma.rb는 다음과 같습니다:
config/puma.rb
# frozen_string_literal: true
require "fileutils"
#require 'puma/acme'
discourse_path = File.expand_path(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)) + "/../")
enable_logstash_logger = ENV["ENABLE_LOGSTASH_LOGGER"] == "1"
puma_stderr_path = "#{discourse_path}/log/puma.stderr.log"
puma_stdout_path = "#{discourse_path}/log/puma.stdout.log"
# Load logstash logger if enabled
if enable_logstash_logger
require_relative "../lib/discourse_logstash_logger"
FileUtils.touch(puma_stderr_path) if !File.exist?(puma_stderr_path)
# Note: You may need to adapt the logger initialization for Puma
log_formatter =
proc do |severity, time, progname, msg|
event = {
"@timestamp" => Time.now.utc,
"message" => msg,
"severity" => severity,
"type" => "puma",
}
"#{event.to_json}\n"
end
else
stdout_redirect puma_stdout_path, puma_stderr_path, true
end
# Number of workers (processes)
workers ENV.fetch("PUMA_WORKERS", 6).to_i
# Set the directory
directory discourse_path
# Bind to the specified address and port
bind ENV.fetch(
"PUMA_BIND",
"tcp://#{ENV["PUMA_BIND_ALL"] ? "" : "127.0.0.1:"}#{ENV.fetch("PUMA_PORT", 3000)}",
)
#bind 'tcp://0.0.0.0:80'
#customization:plugin :acme
#acme_server_name 'example.com'
#acme_tos_agreed true
#bind 'acme://0.0.0.0:443'
# PID file location
FileUtils.mkdir_p("#{discourse_path}/tmp/pids")
pidfile ENV.fetch("PUMA_PID_PATH", "#{discourse_path}/tmp/pids/puma.pid")
# State file - used by pumactl
state_path "#{discourse_path}/tmp/pids/puma.state"
# Environment-specific configuration
if ENV["RAILS_ENV"] == "production"
# Production timeout
worker_timeout 30
else
# Development timeout
worker_timeout ENV.fetch("PUMA_TIMEOUT", 60).to_i
end
# Preload application
preload_app!
# Handle worker boot and shutdown
before_fork do
Discourse.preload_rails!
Discourse.before_fork
# Supervisor check
supervisor_pid = ENV["PUMA_SUPERVISOR_PID"].to_i
if supervisor_pid > 0
Thread.new do
loop do
unless File.exist?("/proc/#{supervisor_pid}")
puts "Kill self supervisor is gone"
Process.kill "TERM", Process.pid
end
sleep 2
end
end
end
# Sidekiq workers
sidekiqs = ENV["PUMA_SIDEKIQS"].to_i
if sidekiqs > 0
puts "starting #{sidekiqs} supervised sidekiqs"
require "demon/sidekiq"
Demon::Sidekiq.after_fork { DiscourseEvent.trigger(:sidekiq_fork_started) }
Demon::Sidekiq.start(sidekiqs)
if Discourse.enable_sidekiq_logging?
Signal.trap("USR1") do
# Delay Sidekiq log reopening
sleep 1
Demon::Sidekiq.kill("USR2")
end
end
end
# Email sync demon
if ENV["DISCOURSE_ENABLE_EMAIL_SYNC_DEMON"] == "true"
puts "starting up EmailSync demon"
Demon::EmailSync.start(1)
end
# Plugin demons
DiscoursePluginRegistry.demon_processes.each do |demon_class|
puts "starting #{demon_class.prefix} demon"
demon_class.start(1)
end
# Demon monitoring thread
Thread.new do
loop do
begin
sleep 60
if sidekiqs > 0
Demon::Sidekiq.ensure_running
Demon::Sidekiq.heartbeat_check
Demon::Sidekiq.rss_memory_check
end
if ENV["DISCOURSE_ENABLE_EMAIL_SYNC_DEMON"] == "true"
Demon::EmailSync.ensure_running
Demon::EmailSync.check_email_sync_heartbeat
end
DiscoursePluginRegistry.demon_processes.each(&:ensure_running)
rescue => e
Rails.logger.warn(
"Error in demon processes heartbeat check: #{e}\n#{e.backtrace.join("\n")}",
)
end
end
end
# Close Redis connection
Discourse.redis.close
end
on_worker_boot do
DiscourseEvent.trigger(:web_fork_started)
Discourse.after_fork
end
# Worker timeout handling
worker_timeout 30
# Low-level worker options
threads 8, 32
Discourse를 실행하려면 puma -C config/puma.rb를 실행합니다.
systemd를 사용하면 부팅 시 실행하고 실패 시 재시작할 수 있습니다. 서비스 파일은 다음과 같습니다:
/etc/systemd/system/discourse.service
[Unit]
Description=Discourse with Puma Server
After=network.target postgresql.service
Requires=postgresql.service
[Service]
Type=simple
User=discourse
Group=discourse
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/discourse
# requires running `rvm 3.4.6 --default` before this service is run
ExecStart=/usr/bin/zsh -lc 'source /home/discourse/.zshrc && /home/discourse/.rvm/gems/ruby-3.4.6/bin/puma -C config/puma.rb'
ExecReload=/usr/bin/zsh -lc 'source /home/discourse/.zshrc && /home/discourse/.rvm/gems/ruby-3.4.6/bin/pumactl restart'
# Restart configuration
Restart=always
RestartSec=5s
# Basic security measures
NoNewPrivileges=true
ProtectSystem=full
ProtectHome=read-only
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
이제 puma 서버가 127.0.0.1:3000에서 리스닝합니다. Docker에서 가져온 nginx 설정 파일을 수정합니다:
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/discourse.conf
# Additional MIME types that you'd like nginx to handle go in here
types {
text/csv csv;
#application/wasm wasm;
}
upstream discourse { server 127.0.0.1:3000; }
# inactive means we keep stuff around for 1440m minutes regardless of last access (1 week)
# levels means it is a 2 deep hierarchy cause we can have lots of files
# max_size limits the size of the cache
proxy_cache_path /var/nginx/cache inactive=1440m levels=1:2 keys_zone=one:10m max_size=600m;
# Increased from the default value to acommodate large cookies during oAuth2 flows
# like in https://meta.discourse.org/t/x/74060 and large CSP and Link (preload) headers
proxy_buffer_size 32k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
# Increased from the default value to allow for a large volume of cookies in request headers
# Discourse itself tries to minimise cookie size, but we cannot control other cookies set by other tools on the same domain.
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
# attempt to preserve the proto, must be in http context
map $http_x_forwarded_proto $thescheme {
default $scheme;
"~https$" https;
}
log_format log_discourse '[$time_local] "$http_host" $remote_addr "$request" "$http_user_agent" "$sent_http_x_discourse_route" $status $bytes_sent "$http_referer" $upstream_response_time $request_time "$upstream_http_x_discourse_username" "$upstream_http_x_discourse_trackview" "$upstream_http_x_queue_time" "$upstream_http_x_redis_calls" "$upstream_http_x_redis_time" "$upstream_http_x_sql_calls" "$upstream_http_x_sql_time"';
# Allow bypass cache from localhost
#geo $bypass_cache {
# default 0;
# 127.0.0.1 1;
# ::1 1;
#}
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=flood:10m rate=12r/s;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=bot:10m rate=200r/m;
limit_req_status 429;
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=connperip:10m;
limit_conn_status 429;
server {
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log log_discourse;
#listen unix:/var/nginx/nginx.http.sock;
listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.cer;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.key;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
set_real_ip_from unix:;
set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1/32;
set_real_ip_from ::1/128;
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
real_ip_recursive on;
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_types application/json text/css text/javascript application/x-javascript application/javascript image/svg+xml application/wasm;
gzip_proxied any;
# Uncomment and configure this section for HTTPS support
# NOTE: Put your ssl cert in your main nginx config directory (/etc/nginx)
#
# rewrite ^/(.*) https://enter.your.web.hostname.here/$1 permanent;
#
# listen 443 ssl;
# ssl_certificate your-hostname-cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key your-hostname-cert.key;
# ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#
server_tokens off;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
# maximum file upload size (keep up to date when changing the corresponding site setting)
client_max_body_size 128m ;
# path to discourse's public directory
set $public /var/www/discourse/public;
# without weak etags we get zero benefit from etags on dynamically compressed content
# further more etags are based on the file in nginx not sha of data
# use dates, it solves the problem fine even cross server
etag off;
# prevent direct download of backups
location ^~ /backups/ {
internal;
}
# bypass rails stack with a cheap 204 for favicon.ico requests
location /favicon.ico {
return 204;
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
location / {
root $public;
add_header ETag "";
# auth_basic on;
# auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;
location ~ ^/uploads/short-url/ {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
location ~ ^/(secure-media-uploads/|secure-uploads)/ {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
location ~* (fonts|assets|plugins|uploads)/.*\.(eot|ttf|woff|woff2|ico|otf)$ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}
location = /srv/status {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
# some minimal caching here so we don't keep asking
# longer term we should increase probably to 1y
location ~ ^/javascripts/ {
expires 1d;
add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}
location ~ ^/assets/(?<asset_path>.+)$ {
expires 1y;
# asset pipeline enables this
brotli_static on;
gzip_static on;
add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
# HOOK in asset location (used for extensibility)
# TODO I don't think this break is needed, it just breaks out of rewrite
break;
}
location ~ ^/plugins/ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}
# cache emojis
location ~ /images/emoji/ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}
location ~ ^/uploads/ {
# NOTE: it is really annoying that we can't just define headers
# at the top level and inherit.
#
# proxy_set_header DOES NOT inherit, by design, we must repeat it,
# otherwise headers are not set correctly
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_set_header X-Sendfile-Type X-Accel-Redirect;
proxy_set_header X-Accel-Mapping $public/=/downloads/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
## optional upload anti-hotlinking rules
#valid_referers none blocked mysite.com *.mysite.com;
#if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; }
# custom CSS
location ~ /stylesheet-cache/ {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
try_files $uri =404;
}
# this allows us to bypass rails
location ~* \.(gif|png|jpg|jpeg|bmp|tif|tiff|ico|webp|avif)$ {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
try_files $uri =404;
}
# SVG needs an extra header attached
location ~* \.(svg)$ {
}
# thumbnails & optimized images
location ~ /_?optimized/ {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
try_files $uri =404;
}
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
location ~ ^/admin/backups/ {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_set_header X-Sendfile-Type X-Accel-Redirect;
proxy_set_header X-Accel-Mapping $public/=/downloads/;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
# This big block is needed so we can selectively enable
# acceleration for backups, avatars, sprites and so on.
# see note about repetition above
location ~ ^/(svg-sprite/|letter_avatar/|letter_avatar_proxy/|user_avatar|highlight-js|stylesheets|theme-javascripts|favicon/proxied|service-worker) {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
# if Set-Cookie is in the response nothing gets cached
# this is double bad cause we are not passing last modified in
proxy_ignore_headers "Set-Cookie";
proxy_hide_header "Set-Cookie";
proxy_hide_header "X-Discourse-Username";
proxy_hide_header "X-Runtime";
# note x-accel-redirect can not be used with proxy_cache
proxy_cache one;
proxy_cache_key "$scheme,$host,$request_uri";
proxy_cache_valid 200 301 302 7d;
#proxy_cache_bypass $bypass_cache;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
# we need buffering off for message bus
location /message-bus/ {
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
break;
}
# this means every file in public is tried first
try_files $uri @discourse;
}
location /downloads/ {
internal;
alias $public/;
}
location @discourse {
limit_conn connperip 20;
limit_req zone=flood burst=12 nodelay;
limit_req zone=bot burst=100 nodelay;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
proxy_pass http://discourse;
}
}
이제 example.com:443에서 Discourse에 액세스할 수 있습니다.
유지보수
rails 콘솔에 액세스하려면 /var/www/discourse에서 discourse 사용자로 rails c를 실행하면 됩니다. 공식 문서에서 찾을 수 있는 discourse 명령은 기본적으로 bundle exec script/discourse입니다.
Discourse를 업그레이드하려면 #upgrade-cmd를 참고한 후 puma restart 또는 puma phased-restart 중 하나를 사용하여 puma를 재시작합니다. 두 명령의 차이에 대해서는 puma/docs/restart.md at main · puma/puma · GitHub 를 참고하십시오.
) hot (
) phased (
하지만 귀한 시간을 많이 낭비하게 될 테니까…
