Como restringir usuários anônimos de postar em categorias específicas no Discourse?

Are these users coming from a different email domain then the anon group? If so that is one option in group settings is emails.

Otherwise not sure. Might be able to also do it via custom user fields (?). May also need a plugin.

How are you determining user groups?

As for Number 2 not sure. At a guess maybe with a plugin? Unless there is a site setting for it in allow anonymous posting