I’m seeing MathJax’s “Erroneous nesting of equation structures” when using \begin{align}...\end{align} inside $$...$$. This appears to be MathJax enforcing the “don’t nest equation environments” rule more strictly during the v4 upgrade work.
In practice, the reliable Discourse pattern is to use aligned inside the $$ wrapper:
$$
{\large
\begin{aligned}
a &= b \\
&= c
\end{aligned}
}
$$
This avoids nesting a display equation structure (align) inside another display wrapper ($$...$$), which is what triggers the error.