Error 500 after succesful app rebuild ( asset ".js" is not present in the asset pipeline.)

You can try

docker logs

and

tail /var/discourse/shared/standalone/logs/rails/production.log

This looks like the salient bit:

ActionView::Template::Error (The asset ".js" is not present in the asset pipeline.
)
app/helpers/application_helper.rb:93:in `script_asset_path'
app/helpers/application_helper.rb:146:in `block in preload_script'
app/helpers/application_helper.rb:145:in `map'
app/helpers/application_helper.rb:145:in `preload_script'
app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:40
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:128:in `block (2 levels) in <class:ApplicationController>'
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:420:in `block in with_resolved_locale'
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:420:in `with_resolved_locale'
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:128:in `block in <class:ApplicationController>'
lib/middleware/omniauth_bypass_middleware.rb:74:in `call'
lib/content_security_policy/middleware.rb:12:in `call'
lib/middleware/anonymous_cache.rb:389:in `call'
lib/middleware/gtm_script_nonce_injector.rb:10:in `call'
config/initializers/100-quiet_logger.rb:20:in `call'
config/initializers/100-silence_logger.rb:29:in `call'
lib/middleware/enforce_hostname.rb:24:in `call'
lib/middleware/request_tracker.rb:233:in `call'

It’s possible, though fairly unlikely, this is a Discourse bug.