I want Google to index the content in the link format domain/u/username, what should I do?

If I remember right that limit comes a bit deeper than robots.txt. Sure, it is quite fast test allowing /u in robots.txt. But if it comes deeper from the core you may need a plugin.

Dig here. That was a thing perhaps a year ago, came along with SEO-stuff, and there was strong reason why it is not allowed.