Yes, you’re correct @BlackKnob, you can use div[data-*] like div[data-table-layout] and it would have the same effect.
However, like @riking said earlier, you’re much better off sticking with div[data-theme-*] since there might be some work in the future to narrow down whitelisted attributes to div[data-theme-*]. When that happens, all of your posts with div[data-*] would need to be updated accordingly.
That’s why using div[data-theme-*] is recommended here, so that you can stay futureproof.