管理者は、バックエンドで「ラブ」と「いいね」機能を無効にするにはどうすればよいですか?

An easy (non-backend) solution would be to hide the icons via CSS.

You can change the icon if another one fits better with your use case.

Keep in mind that likes are an essential part of Discourse trust level promotion.

「いいね!」 4