Is there any way to remove the numbers that appear in these menus?
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The easiest way is to customize the text in your Discourse admin interface.
Any text from Discourse can be replaced.
So, go to your admin panel → Personalizar → Texto.
Then, search for Novos ( :
Edit those on which you want to remove the number, and delete the (%{count]}.
Refresh your home page, and the counter should have disappeared. 
Then do the same for Não lido 
Example on my own forum:
Before:
After:
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