Just to follow up here, Digital Ocean has announced High CPU droplets coming soon!
As of this date, you can sign up for early access to High CPU Droplets at https://www.digitalocean.com/products/compute/high-cpu/.
Hopefully this can help offer more solutions in the near future for those customers that need higher CPU than RAM.
Even though RAM is the opposite of what you need, it might be worth noting while we are on the topic of scaling resources for specialized needs, that Digital Ocean has High-RAM Droplets as well, which price 25% lower per-gigabyte of RAM. https://blog.digitalocean.com/high-memory-droplets/