Post with CDATA block produces invalid RSS feed?

Yes. it is because the post has <![CDATA[ … ]]> in it.
Use CDATA in RSS Feed to add HTML and links | Amit Tech Lab - PHP, AJAX, CakePHP,WordPress, Symfony, Drupal, codeIgnitier

This results in something like

<description><![CDATA[ … <![CDATA[ … ]]> … ]]></description> 

The validator / parser doesn’t do nested CDATA well.