提前为一些细节缺失道歉……我确实把自己搞得很混乱……
如果您非常了解 /var/discourse/shared/standalone 中的文件权限要求，或许可以直接跳到本文底部查看核心问题，而跳过那些让我陷入困境的细节 
最新的基于 Web 的升级搞砸了我的安装——我认为情况类似于 https://meta.discourse.org/t/error-updating-from-3-4-0-beta3-dev-to-3-4-0-beta3/349847，但我当时应该是在 3.4.0.beta4-dev 版本上。
我的系统也是 Ubuntu 20，现在运行 ./launcher rebuild app 会返回以下错误：
ERROR: Docker version 19.03.13 not supported, please upgrade to at least 20.10.0, or recommended 24.0.7
我认为这不太可能实现，所以我创建了一台新服务器，并按照 Move a Discourse site to another VPS with rsync 中的步骤操作，同时额外添加了从旧服务器迁移卷的命令：
rsync -rvz root@104.236.77.249:/var/lib/docker/volumes/ /var/lib/docker/volumes
现在，在新 Ubuntu 24 服务器上，运行 ./launcher rebuild app 返回了以下错误：
Stopping PostgreSQL 15 database server: mainError: Data directory /shared/postgres_data must not be owned by root … failed!
完整命令输出
x86_64 arch detected.
WARNING: containers/app.yml file is world-readable. You can secure this file by running: chmod o-rwx containers/app.yml
Ensuring launcher is up to date
Launcher is up-to-date
2.0.20250129-0720: Pulling from discourse/base
Digest: sha256:01b8516e5504c0e9bc3707773015ff4407be03a89154194ff3b5b8699291bc26
Status: Image is up to date for discourse/base:2.0.20250129-0720
docker.io/discourse/base:2.0.20250129-0720
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.3.0/gems/pups-1.2.1/lib/pups.rb
/usr/local/bin/pups --stdin
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.350842 #1] INFO -- : Reading from stdin
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.364293 #1] INFO -- : File > /etc/service/postgres/run chmod: +x chown:
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.369358 #1] INFO -- : File > /etc/service/postgres/log/run chmod: +x chown:
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.373684 #1] INFO -- : File > /etc/runit/3.d/99-postgres chmod: +x chown:
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.378720 #1] INFO -- : File > /root/install_postgres chmod: +x chown:
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.383793 #1] INFO -- : File > /root/upgrade_postgres chmod: +x chown:
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.384811 #1] INFO -- : Replacing data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/15/main' with data_directory = '/shared/postgres_data' in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.386020 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?listen_addresses *=.*) with listen_addresses = '*' in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.391549 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?synchronous_commit *=.*) with synchronous_commit = $db_synchronous_commit in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.392476 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?shared_buffers *=.*) with shared_buffers = $db_shared_buffers in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.393539 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?work_mem *=.*) with work_mem = $db_work_mem in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.394234 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?default_text_search_config *=.*) with default_text_search_config = '$db_default_text_search_config' in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.394860 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?checkpoint_segments *=.*) with checkpoint_segments = $db_checkpoint_segments in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.395701 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?logging_collector *=.*) with logging_collector = $db_logging_collector in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.396354 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:#?log_min_duration_statement *=.*) with log_min_duration_statement = $db_log_min_duration_statement in /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.396997 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:^#local +replication +postgres +peer$) with local replication postgres peer in /etc/postgresql/15/main/pg_hba.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.397677 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:^host.*all.*all.*127.*$) with host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 in /etc/postgresql/15/main/pg_hba.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.398272 #1] INFO -- : Replacing (?-mix:^host.*all.*all.*::1\/128.*$) with host all all ::/0 md5 in /etc/postgresql/15/main/pg_hba.conf
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:12.398841 #1] INFO -- : > if [ -f /root/install_postgres ]; then
/root/install_postgres && rm -f /root/install_postgres
elif [ -e /shared/postgres_run/.s.PGSQL.5432 ]; then
socat /dev/null UNIX-CONNECT:/shared/postgres_run/.s.PGSQL.5432 || exit 0 && echo postgres already running stop container ; exit 1
fi
initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
initdb: hint: You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
W: https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/dists/stable/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
I, [2025-02-05T15:28:32.940792 #1] INFO -- : Generating locales (this might take a while)...
en_US.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
Upgrading PostgreSQL from version 13 to 15
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /shared/postgres_data_new ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
Success. You can now start the database server using:
/usr/lib/postgresql/15/bin/pg_ctl -D /shared/postgres_data_new -l logfile start
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports InRelease [59.0 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease [151 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [55.4 kB]
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]
Get:5 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro InRelease [12.1 kB]
Get:6 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable InRelease [17.1 kB]
Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports/main amd64 Packages [282 kB]
Get:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages [8,792 kB]
Get:9 https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bookworm-pgdg InRelease [129 kB]
Get:10 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates/main amd64 Packages [13.5 kB]
Get:11 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages [243 kB]
Get:12 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_22.x nodistro/main amd64 Packages [5,274 B]
Get:13 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable/main all Packages [10.9 kB]
Get:14 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable/main amd64 Packages [10.9 kB]
Get:15 https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bookworm-pgdg/main amd64 Packages [360 kB]
Fetched 10.2 MB in 2s (4,214 kB/s)
Reading package lists...
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
postgresql-client-13
Suggested packages:
postgresql-doc-13
The following NEW packages will be installed:
postgresql-13 postgresql-13-pgvector postgresql-client-13
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 17.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 56.7 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bookworm-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-13 amd64 13.18-1.pgdg120+1 [1,523 kB]
Get:2 https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bookworm-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-13 amd64 13.18-1.pgdg120+1 [15.4 MB]
Get:3 https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bookworm-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-13-pgvector amd64 0.8.0-1.pgdg120+1 [297 kB]
Fetched 17.3 MB in 2s (8,411 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-13.
(Reading database ... 33363 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-13_13.18-1.pgdg120+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-client-13 (13.18-1.pgdg120+1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-13.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-13_13.18-1.pgdg120+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-13 (13.18-1.pgdg120+1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-13-pgvector.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-13-pgvector_0.8.0-1.pgdg120+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-13-pgvector (0.8.0-1.pgdg120+1) ...
Setting up postgresql-client-13 (13.18-1.pgdg120+1) ...
Setting up postgresql-13 (13.18-1.pgdg120+1) ...
Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 13/main ...
/usr/lib/postgresql/13/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/13/main --auth-local peer --auth-host md5
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/13/main ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
Success. You can now start the database server using:
pg_ctlcluster 13 main start
Warning: The selected stats_temp_directory /var/run/postgresql/13-main.pg_stat_tmp
is not writable for the cluster owner. Not adding this setting in
postgresql.conf.
invoke-rc.d: could not determine current runlevel
invoke-rc.d: policy-rc.d denied execution of start.
Setting up postgresql-13-pgvector (0.8.0-1.pgdg120+1) ...
Processing triggers for postgresql-common (267.pgdg120+1) ...
Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages...
Removing obsolete dictionary files:
Stopping PostgreSQL 13 database server: main.
Stopping PostgreSQL 15 database server: mainError: Data directory /shared/postgres_data must not be owned by root ... failed!
failed!
could not open version file "/shared/postgres_data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
Failure, exiting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UPGRADE OF POSTGRES FAILED
Please visit https://meta.discourse.org/t/postgresql-15-update/349515 for support.
You can run ./launcher start app to restart your app in the meanwhile
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAILED
--------------------
Pups::ExecError: if [ -f /root/install_postgres ]; then
/root/install_postgres && rm -f /root/install_postgres
elif [ -e /shared/postgres_run/.s.PGSQL.5432 ]; then
socat /dev/null UNIX-CONNECT:/shared/postgres_run/.s.PGSQL.5432 || exit 0 && echo postgres already running stop container ; exit 1
fi
failed with return #<Process::Status: pid 18 exit 1>
Location of failure: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.3.0/gems/pups-1.2.1/lib/pups/exec_command.rb:132:in `spawn'
exec failed with the params {"tag"=>"db", "cmd"=>"if [ -f /root/install_postgres ]; then\n /root/install_postgres && rm -f /root/install_postgres\nelif [ -e /shared/postgres_run/.s.PGSQL.5432 ]; then\n socat /dev/null UNIX-CONNECT:/shared/postgres_run/.s.PGSQL.5432 || exit 0 && echo postgres already running stop container ; exit 1\nfi\n"}
bootstrap failed with exit code 1
** FAILED TO BOOTSTRAP ** please scroll up and look for earlier error messages, there may be more than one.
./discourse-doctor may help diagnose the problem.
/var/discourse/shared 文件夹在旧服务器和新服务器上均由 root 拥有。不过，深入查看更深层级时，我注意到 /var/discourse/shared/standalone 中某些文件夹的权限存在差异……
旧服务器：
/var/discourse/shared/standalone# ls -alh
total 56K
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4.0K Jan 22 2021 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2016 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 1000 www-data 4.0K Sep 21 2015 backups
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4.0K Dec 10 19:36 letsencrypt
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Jun 12 2015 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 syslog syslog 4.0K Jun 12 2015 postgres_backup
drwx------ 19 syslog syslog 4.0K Feb 4 20:03 postgres_data
drwx------ 20 colord landscape 4.0K Jan 22 2021 postgres_data_old
drwxrwsr-x 7 syslog syslog 4.0K Feb 4 20:03 postgres_run
drwxr-xr-x 2 landscape messagebus 4.0K Feb 4 20:03 redis_data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 7 2019 ssl
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Jun 12 2015 state
drwxr-xr-x 4 1000 www-data 4.0K Feb 4 20:03 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 4 1000 www-data 4.0K Jun 16 2017 uploads
新服务器：
/var/discourse/shared/standalone# ls -alh
total 60K
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4.0K Feb 5 15:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 backups
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:00 letsencrypt
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 postgres_backup
drwx------ 20 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:42 postgres_data
drwx------ 20 messagebus tss 4.0K Feb 5 15:33 postgres_data_new
drwx------ 20 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 postgres_data_older
drwxrwxr-x 8 messagebus tss 4.0K Feb 5 02:41 postgres_run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:05 redis_data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:05 ssl
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 state
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 uploads
因此，我在新服务器上修改了其中两个文件夹的所有权：
chown -R syslog: postgres_data
chown -R syslog: postgres_backup
这导致错误信息变成了我不知道该如何处理的内容：
Stopping PostgreSQL 15 database server: mainError: Config owner (postgres:101) and data owner (messagebus:102) do not match, and config owner is not root … failed!
为明确起见，我新服务器当前的权限如下：
/var/discourse/shared/standalone# ls -alh
total 60K
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4.0K Feb 5 15:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 backups
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:00 letsencrypt
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 syslog syslog 4.0K Feb 5 01:59 postgres_backup
drwx------ 20 syslog syslog 4.0K Feb 5 02:42 postgres_data
drwx------ 20 messagebus tss 4.0K Feb 5 15:33 postgres_data_new
drwx------ 20 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 postgres_data_older
drwxrwxr-x 8 messagebus tss 4.0K Feb 5 02:41 postgres_run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:05 redis_data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:05 ssl
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 state
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Feb 5 02:04 uploads
我猜可能需要某些 chown 命令来修复这个问题，但我不知道具体该怎么做、为什么以及怎么做……
