Yeah. Stupid. I was not searching at the right place.
I found many entries of Referrer-Policy' => 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin'
Here is a list (grep strict-origin-when-cross-origin /var/www/discourse/ -R):
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.7.0/gems/rack-protection-2.2.2/lib/rack/protection/referrer_policy.rb: # referrer_policy:: The policy to use (default: ‘strict-origin-when-cross-origin’)
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.7.0/gems/rack-protection-3.0.2/lib/rack/protection/referrer_policy.rb: # referrer_policy:: The policy to use (default: ‘strict-origin-when-cross-origin’)
A slightly less nasty hack is putting this in the HTML head part of a custom theme component:
<meta name="referrer" content="same-origin">
That doesn’t remove the HTTP header, and I couldn’t find any definitive info if the HTTP header overwrites the HTML meta tag or the other way around, but at least according to a quick test with whatsmyreferer.com, it seems to work: no more referrer header is sent on outgoing links.