I found the solution to the issue where social logins (Google, Discord, etc.) fail with csrf_detected on mobile devices, even though they work on PC.
The cause was in my theme:
A custom JavaScript script in the \u003chead\u003e section of the theme was constantly reloading the page (window.location.replace) on mobile devices.
This forced redirect destroyed the temporary CSRF token necessary for session validation after the Google/Discord callback.
Solution:
I removed the entire script for forcing the mobile view from the theme.
If you have similar issues and are using a custom theme, check if there are any scripts running that trigger redirects. That was the culprit in my case!