The error is because there is no category_id column in the posts table. To work, you need to do a join with the topics table.
Like this:
LEFT JOIN topics t ON t.id = p.topic_id
If you detail the data you need, I can try to adjust the query.
What are you looking for are all posts, not topics, that belong to categories 48 and 23? Should posts and topics that have been deleted be disregarded in the result?
The CURRENT DAY() brings today’s date. What is the period you want to search for?