I’m still not sure I’m following what you’re after here, but if you know the post_id and the date you want to include new users from then maybe something like this?
-- [params]
-- int :post_id
-- date :date
SELECT pa.user_id,
pa.created_at AS reltime$time
FROM post_actions pa
JOIN users u ON u.id = pa.user_id
WHERE pa.post_id = :post_id
AND post_action_type_id = 2
AND u.created_at::date > :date
ORDER BY pa.created_at DESC
This would give a list of users who liked a certain post, and who had created their account after the date you enter (ordered by when they Liked it)