Custom fields added by plugins are not automatically visible on user or admin pages, unless the plugin also adds UI for them codinghorror. This is because custom fields may have strict structures or be private, as mentioned in a related discussion about adding and editing user custom fields.
Users have encountered this issue and have used plugin outlets as a workaround tgxworld. However, there is still no clean way for plugins to expose custom fields on the user preferences page. merefield is seeking a cleaner solution for this problem.
I ended up using a plugin outlet here. From what I know, we still don’t have a clean way for plugins to expose custom fields on the user preferences page.