通过 SSO 登录创建新用户时出现 Discourse DB 错误

Summary

Discourse DB constraint error because of duplicate key values generated when users without an account attempt to log in via SSO. Causes internal server error (500) to be seen via external proxy.

Discussion

On August 28th or 29th, I updated Discourse to the latest beta (v2.4.0.beta2) along with all the installed Discourse plug-ins. Around the same time, I also updated SeAT, and reconfigured Discourse to use a UNIX socket, which the external Apache can proxy/reverse proxy to. Prior to that, people were able to login via SeAT’s EvE Online SSO and new Discourse user accounts would be created for them if they didn’t already have one.

Since then, no new user accounts have successfully been created. Instead, the three people who have tried have generated Failed to create or lookup user: ERROR: duplicate key value violates constraint "idx_category_users_user_id_category_id" DETAIL: Key (user_id, category_id)=(36, 6) already exists. errors. The category_id is always 6 but the user_id varies between 33 and 44, even repeating numbers.

Assuming that category_id refers to entries in categories, then 6 seems to be Grass Clippings. Assuming that user_id refers to entries in users, then we don’t have any entries higher than 32.

Grass Clippings as a category is restricted for at least reading to people in the 2GTHRDiscourse, 2GTHRHighCouncil, and GRoLLake groups. At least one of the people trying to connect had an add_groups command that included all three groups. The first person did not yet have one of the three, and the middle person had at least one of the three. They all generate the same kind of database error with the identical details except except the user_id.

People with Discourse accounts created by logging in via SSO prior to the upgrades do not seem to be experiencing problems logging in.

Things Tried or Looked At

  1. Turning off force https and reverting back to external Apache proxying to nginx ports.
    Unsurprisingly, this had no effect.

  2. Debugging and fixing common SSO issues

  3. Watch out for double url encoding of SSO payload

  4. Followed through the backtrace and could see Discourse made it to models/discourse_single_sign_on.rb at line 203 of match_email_or_create_user() where it makes a call to User.create!(). Alas, the logging of the params, etc. is after that point, which it never gets to because it stops processing and returns a HTTP error 500. I checked shared/log/rails/production.log.* just in case.

Other Comments

  • SeAT: While the SeAT Discourse plug-in wasn’t updated, many components of SeAT were. It’s possible something in there has changed. However, the error is clearly on the Discourse side when trying to create or lookup a non-existent user, so I’m somewhat dubious the problem is on the SeAT side.

  • Discourse: I can’t remember what beta version of Discourse I was running before the upgrade. I’d guess it had probably been at least a month or two since I’d last upgraded.

Additional Details

Error
Failed to create or lookup user: ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "idx_category_users_user_id_category_id"
DETAIL:  Key (user_id, category_id)=(36, 6) already exists.
.    add_groups: CORPBLUEP,2GTHRAllianceMember,2GTHRALL,2GTHRHighCouncil,2GTHRCorpDirector,2GTHROfficer,DoWCitadelGunner,HCDIM,CORPDIRBLUEP,2GTHRCorpRecruiter,CORPDIRLAWNS,CORPDIR123HC,GRoLLake,DoWCapital,DoWFax,User,CORPHRBLUEP,2GTHRDiscourse
admin: 
moderator: 
avatar_force_update: 
avatar_url: http://image.eveonline.com/Character/740426190_128.jpg
bio: 
card_background_url: 
email: something@somewhere.com
external_id: 740426190
groups: 
locale: 
locale_force_update: 
name: Mindframe
nonce: e6f9da9e62b720a1efd97348ca20f101
profile_background_url: 
remove_groups: Superuser,SPRKYAllianceMember,DoWFieldMarshall,DoWScoutCoordinator,DoWFCGang,DoWFCAlliance,DoWFCSenior,DoWScout,DoWSuper,DoWTitan,DoWFC,2GTHRCorpCEO,DoWTitanBridging,DoLLogisticsSov,DoLLogisticsShipping,HCDoW,HCDoL,HCDoC,HCDoF,DoCDoIT,DoCTechnoMage,DoCDiplomat,DoCDepartmentLead,DoCRecruiterPilots,DoCRecruiterCorporations,DoCDiplomatLead,DoWBLOP,ViewGroups,CORPAIEU,CORPDIRAIEU,CORPZBMC,CORPC.R.Y,CORP123HC,CORPALTBH,CORPLAWNS,CORPDIRZBMC,CORPDIRC.R.Y,CORPDIRALTBH,CORPF3R4L,CORPDIRF3R4L,CORPSPRKY,CORPDIRSPRKY,CORPRMKR,CORPDIRRMKR,CORPHR123HC,CORPHRAIEU,CORPHRZBMC,CORPHRC.R.Y,CORPHRF3R4L,SPRKYDiscourse,CORPHRLAWNS,CORPDIROUSYN,CORPHROUSYN,CORPOUSYN,DoWReimbursementTeam,DoWCarrier,DoWDread,WCMember,WCALL,WCMindframesMarketVisitors
require_activation: 
return_sso_url: 
suppress_welcome_message: 
title: 
username: Mindframe
website:     /var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.2/lib/patches/db/pg.rb:110:in `async_exec'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.2/lib/patches/db/pg.rb:110:in `async_exec'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/mini_sql-0.2.2/lib/mini_sql/postgres/connection.rb:118:in `run'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/mini_sql-0.2.2/lib/mini_sql/postgres/connection.rb:90:in `exec'
/var/www/discourse/app/models/user.rb:1403:in `set_default_categories_preferences'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:426:in `block in make_lambda'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:236:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:517:in `block in invoke_after'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:517:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:517:in `invoke_after'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:133:in `run_callbacks'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:816:in `_run_create_callbacks'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:346:in `_create_record'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb:102:in `_create_record'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:705:in `create_or_update'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:342:in `block in create_or_update'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:132:in `run_callbacks'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:816:in `_run_save_callbacks'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:342:in `create_or_update'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:308:in `save!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/validations.rb:52:in `save!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:315:in `block in save!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:387:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:267:in `block in transaction'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:239:in `block in within_new_transaction'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.6.0/monitor.rb:230:in `mon_synchronize'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:236:in `within_new_transaction'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:267:in `transaction'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:212:in `transaction'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:385:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:315:in `save!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/suppressor.rb:48:in `save!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:53:in `create!'
/var/www/discourse/app/models/discourse_single_sign_on.rb:203:in `block in match_email_or_create_user'
/var/www/discourse/lib/distributed_mutex.rb:31:in `block in synchronize'
/var/www/discourse/lib/distributed_mutex.rb:27:in `synchronize'
/var/www/discourse/lib/distributed_mutex.rb:27:in `synchronize'
/var/www/discourse/lib/distributed_mutex.rb:12:in `synchronize'
/var/www/discourse/app/models/discourse_single_sign_on.rb:186:in `match_email_or_create_user'
/var/www/discourse/app/models/discourse_single_sign_on.rb:74:in `lookup_or_create_user'
/var/www/discourse/app/controllers/session_controller.rb:169:in `sso_login'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `send_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:194:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:42:in `block in process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:132:in `run_callbacks'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:34:in `block in process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:23:in `instrument'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `instrument'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:256:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.3/lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:24:in `process_action'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:134:in `process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionview-5.2.3/lib/action_view/rendering.rb:32:in `process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.2/lib/mini_profiler/profiling_methods.rb:78:in `block in profile_method'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:191:in `dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:252:in `dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:52:in `dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:34:in `serve'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:52:in `block in serve'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:35:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:35:in `serve'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:840:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-protection-2.0.7/lib/rack/protection/frame_options.rb:31:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/lib/middleware/omniauth_bypass_middleware.rb:68:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:15:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:25:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/lib/content_security_policy/middleware.rb:12:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/lib/middleware/anonymous_cache.rb:219:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:232:in `context'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:226:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:670:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:28:in `block in call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:98:in `run_callbacks'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:61:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/logster-2.3.2/lib/logster/middleware/reporter.rb:43:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:28:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/config/initializers/100-quiet_logger.rb:18:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/config/initializers/100-silence_logger.rb:31:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:27:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/lib/middleware/enforce_hostname.rb:17:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/method_override.rb:22:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/actionpack-5.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/sendfile.rb:111:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.2/lib/mini_profiler/profiler.rb:171:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/message_bus-2.2.2/lib/message_bus/rack/middleware.rb:57:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/lib/middleware/request_tracker.rb:169:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:524:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/railtie.rb:190:in `public_send'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/railtie.rb:190:in `method_missing'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:68:in `block in call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:53:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:53:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/unicorn-5.5.1/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:605:in `process_client'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/unicorn-5.5.1/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:700:in `worker_loop'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/unicorn-5.5.1/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:548:in `spawn_missing_workers'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/unicorn-5.5.1/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:144:in `start'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/unicorn-5.5.1/bin/unicorn:128:in `<top (required)>'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/bin/unicorn:23:in `load'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/bin/unicorn:23:in `<main>'
3 个赞

这与以下代码有关:

这里发生的情况是,我们按如下方式修改了 category_user 的索引:

您的站点设置中是否存在一个同时被设置为“默认关注”和“默认追踪”的群组?

请查看:default categories watchingdefault categories trackingdefault categories muted 以及 default categories watching first post

以下修复可以解决问题:

diff --git a/app/models/user.rb b/app/models/user.rb
index c1a94949a6..85b2ca9244 100644
--- a/app/models/user.rb
+++ b/app/models/user.rb
@@ -1390,10 +1390,15 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base
     return if self.staged?
 
     values = []
+    # 稍后分配集合
+    seen = nil
 
     %w{watching watching_first_post tracking muted}.each do |s|
       category_ids = SiteSetting.get("default_categories_#{s}").split("|").map(&:to_i)
       category_ids.each do |category_id|
+        seen ||= Set.new
+        next if seen.include?(category_id)
+        seen << category_id
         next if category_id == 0
         values << "(#{self.id}, #{category_id}, #{CategoryUser.notification_levels[s.to_sym]})"
       end
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
index cc50d88b2e..4075ee6194 100644
--- a/spec/models/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -1603,8 +1603,12 @@ describe User do
 
       SiteSetting.default_categories_watching = category0.id.to_s
       SiteSetting.default_categories_tracking = category1.id.to_s
-      SiteSetting.default_categories_muted = category2.id.to_s
+
+      # 这是无效的,但我们不进行验证,因此确保不会导致任何故障
+      SiteSetting.default_categories_muted = "#{category2.id}|#{category0.id}"
+
       SiteSetting.default_categories_watching_first_post = category3.id.to_s
+
     end
 
     it "has overriden preferences" do

但我并不喜欢这个修复方案。站点设置应在保存时验证是否存在重叠,并且我们应该迁移掉错误的数据。

@Daniel 我认为你在这里引入了新的约束,也许可以在用户设置站点设置时跟进添加一个验证?

3 个赞

我有被跟踪的分类和被关注的分类,但它们之间没有重叠。它们都是顶级分类。不过,我在“默认关注分类”和“默认关注首帖分类”之间存在重叠。某个分类同时出现在这两者中,而该分类的 ID 与我数据库中约束错误所提及的分类 ID 一致。这会不会是问题的一部分?

回复自己:将该分类从“默认关注首帖分类”中移除,使其仅存在于“默认关注分类”中,问题得以解决;此前无法登录的未注册用户现在可以正常登录了。

3 个赞

我刚刚遇到了这个错误。

用户无法登录,因为“招聘备注”和“合作伙伴备注”在 default categories regular 中重复了。

1 个赞

在保存设置时,应非常容易防止重复。不过,修复历史记录的问题还不确定。

@vinothkannans 能否确保在保存时,这些默认设置能清理以下内容?

  • 移除重复项
  • 如果您正在为类别 A 保存“默认观看”设置,而类别 A 的“默认追踪”已设置,则报错并说明问题
1 个赞

我对这种情况发生的原因的最佳推测是:

  1. 创建了“合作伙伴备注”作为独立类别,并将其设置为“默认类别常规”。
  2. 创建了“招聘备注”作为独立类别,并将其设置为“默认类别常规”。
  3. 创建了“组织者”作为独立类别,并将其设置为“默认类别常规”。
  4. 更改了“合作伙伴备注”和“招聘备注”的设置,将其父类别设为“组织者”,并且(我认为)没有对“默认类别常规”设置进行任何更改。

我完全支持修复此错误,因为新用户无法注册将导致灾难性后果,且难以察觉,因为新用户很可能会直接放弃,而不会联系任何人寻求帮助。

在此期间,或许错误消息中可以包含:“如果您在注册过程中继续遇到问题,请联系 site email 寻求支持?”

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