The error is happening during your rake s3:upload_assets after_assets_precompile hook.
Aws::S3::Errors::InvalidArgument: Unsupported header 'x-amz-checksum-crc32' received for this API call. (Aws::S3::Errors::InvalidArgument)
I am not familiar with configuring Amazon’s S3 for discourse but I don’t see that header referenced in HEAD of the git repository for discourse so perhaps you set this header at some point somewhere? If so, it appears to no longer be supported and you should remove it.
Check out this thread: Can't rebuild due to AWS SDK gem bump and new AWS Data Integrity Protections - #7 by Yt.w