Hopefully this can help offer more solutions in the near future for those customers that need higher CPU than RAM.
Even though RAM is the opposite of what you need, it might be worth noting while we are on the topic of scaling resources for specialized needs, that Digital Ocean has High-RAM Droplets as well, which price 25% lower per-gigabyte of RAM. https://blog.digitalocean.com/high-memory-droplets/
So does this mean that discourse is more dependent on CPU than some people believed when they suggested that other stuff might be going on or did you just give up on looking for other possible causes?
I believe they have periods of exceptional load, where there are 10x-100x-1000x the normal logged on users participating. Maybe he can share exact numbers from his /admin dashboard graphs.
Load is pretty much all logged in users, anons are super cheap.
Discourse is CPU-expensive compared to static forum software such as SMF etc.
Server costs are going down. See new ScaleWay intensive load offers.
If you have serious traffic, you can compensate the server cost with AdSense.
Your load depends on your user behavioral patterns. Ours is quite different to nerd communities, as we are a sports fan community and the real world drives our traffic with real world events of different magnitudes.
Please note @sam just added specific protection for routes that are currently getting hit by a ton of logged in users for 2.0. We have had great anon load protection for a long time now, but the logged in user protection is new. We have tested it and tweaked it using a lot of different IPs and it is definitely working.
so @ljpp in particular I strongly recommed you update to the latest version of 2.0 ASAP.