@soopersoo, Welcome to Meta! 
If a user clicks on the hamburger menu, then Badges, it will wisk the user away to a page showing every badge grouped according to different criteria. 
Those badges the user already has are marked with a check mark at the upper left of each badge. The number at the upper right shows how many users already have that badge. Clicking on any badge will show the requirements for that particular badge and list the users who have it that badge.