모바일에서 CSS 수정 사항이 적용되지 않음

I can see your modification, but because the target it’s not enough specific, it’s been overwritten by core CSS.
You can see it when you inspect the element with the browser, e.g.:

You need to either add !important to your rules or be more specific like for example:

.user-profile-location {
    display: none !important;
}
.user-main .about .details .user-profile-location {
    display: none;
}

It’s usually recommended to properly specify a rule first to avoid targeting unexpected elements.