According to the link there is interest but several years have passed and I don’t know if they actually implemented it or not.
A very useful scenario for this is to configure a VPS server with the exact same settings as the production server, and this cloned VPS would be solely for development. This way, I can work more effectively with my team of developers.
You need much more than just the settings to see that stuff works. Why not just restore the production database to staging? See Set up a staging server.
One question: does that also clone the forum credentials and content? Because obviously the developers don’t need that, just the basic configuration to develop the plugins. I don’t want them to have access to my users’ accounts, much less the Administrator accounts.
Yes - it clones absolutely everything. If you’ve got untrusted devs, then it might not be the best thing. Personally, I’d get trusted devs!
As is, you would need to commit to cloning the structure in there that you need (e.g. settings, categories, groups, plugins, etc) and either maintaining it in sync manually, re-cloning it when needed, or developing your own solution to automate it.