AI翻訳のバックフィルが、すべての設定を構成した後も機能しない

@nat さん、この件について調査していただき、ありがとうございます。参考までに、ai_translation_backfill_hourly_rateai_summary_backfill_hourly_rate とは異なり、私が混同していました。

@nat さん、翻訳のバックフィルが有効になったようです。ダッシュボードで確認できます。

翻訳の進捗

バックフィル設定 は、1998年6月25日以降のすべての投稿を翻訳するように構成されており、推定10時間かかります。

しかし、ログにはこのエラーが表示されます。

Message (9 copies reported)

Job exception: limit

Backtrace

/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/app/jobs/regular/localize_topics.rb:10:in `execute'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:318:in `block (2 levels) in perform'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rails_multisite-7.0.0/lib/rails_multisite/connection_management/null_instance.rb:49:in `with_connection'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rails_multisite-7.0.0/lib/rails_multisite/connection_management.rb:17:in `with_connection'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:305:in `block in perform'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:301:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:301:in `perform'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:220:in `execute_job'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:185:in `block (4 levels) in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:180:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/lib/sidekiq/discourse_event.rb:6:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/lib/sidekiq/pausable.rb:131:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job/interrupt_handler.rb:9:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/metrics/tracking.rb:26:in `track'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/metrics/tracking.rb:134:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:173:in `invoke'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:183:in `block (2 levels) in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:145:in `block (6 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_retry.rb:118:in `local'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:144:in `block (5 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/config.rb:39:in `block in <class:Config>'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:139:in `block (4 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:281:in `stats'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:134:in `block (3 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_logger.rb:15:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:133:in `block (2 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_retry.rb:85:in `global'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:132:in `block in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_logger.rb:40:in `prepare'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:131:in `dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:183:in `block (2 levels) in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:182:in `handle_interrupt'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:182:in `block in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:181:in `handle_interrupt'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:181:in `process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:86:in `process_one'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:76:in `run'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/component.rb:10:in `watchdog'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/component.rb:19:in `block in safe_thread'

値を20に設定していただけますか?

ジョブは5分ごとに実行されるため、バックフィルレートは12分ごとに実行されます。ここで整数除算が行われており、10 ÷ 12 を取るとレートが0になります。

「いいね!」 1

確認しました。将来的にこの整数丸め問題が解決されることを期待して、引き続き注視します。

この問題は AI summary backfill maximum topics per hour にも同様に影響しますか?

1時間あたり20件だと、約5分に1件にしかなりません。これではレート制限に達することはありません。

Oddly it seems to be hitting the limits. Before starting translations backfill, using discourse AI search/helper bot would work fine (which was the primary use of AI). But now it’s hitting the Gemini Flash 2.5 limits which is is 10 RPM, 250,000 TPM and 250 RPD. From the logs it appears that it’s hitting the 250 RPD limit per day for some reason when backfill is enabled.

Is there a way to debug this to see how many requests it’s sending out or how often it’s sending out requests?

Message

DiscourseAi::Completions::Endpoints::Gemini: status: 429 - body: {
  "error": {
    "code": 429,
    "message": "You exceeded your current quota, please check your plan and billing details. For more information on this error, head to: https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/rate-limits. To monitor your current usage, head to: https://ai.dev/usage?tab=rate-limit. \n* Quota exceeded for metric: generativelanguage.googleapis.com/generate_content_free_tier_requests, limit: 250\nPlease retry in 45.454864372s.",
    "status": "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED",
    "details": [
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.Help",
        "links": [
          {
            "description": "Learn more about Gemini API quotas",
            "url": "https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/rate-limits"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.QuotaFailure",
        "violations": [
          {
            "quotaMetric": "generativelanguage.googleapis.com/generate_content_free_tier_requests",
            "quotaId": "GenerateRequestsPerDayPerProjectPerModel-FreeTier",
            "quotaDimensions": {
              "location": "global",
              "model": "gemini-2.5-flash"
            },
            "quotaValue": "250"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.RetryInfo",
        "retryDelay": "45s"
      }
    ]
  }
}


Backtrace

/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/activesupport-8.0.4/lib/active_support/broadcast_logger.rb:218:in `block in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/activesupport-8.0.4/lib/active_support/broadcast_logger.rb:217:in `map'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/activesupport-8.0.4/lib/active_support/broadcast_logger.rb:217:in `dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/activesupport-8.0.4/lib/active_support/broadcast_logger.rb:129:in `error'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/completions/endpoints/base.rb:189:in `block (2 levels) in perform_completion!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/net-http-0.7.0/lib/net/http.rb:2428:in `block in transport_request'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/net-http-0.7.0/lib/net/http/response.rb:320:in `reading_body'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/net-http-0.7.0/lib/net/http.rb:2425:in `transport_request'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/net-http-0.7.0/lib/net/http.rb:2379:in `request'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-4.0.1/lib/patches/net_patches.rb:19:in `block in request_with_mini_profiler'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-4.0.1/lib/mini_profiler/profiling_methods.rb:51:in `step'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rack-mini-profiler-4.0.1/lib/patches/net_patches.rb:18:in `request_with_mini_profiler'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/completions/endpoints/base.rb:187:in `block in perform_completion!'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/net-http-0.7.0/lib/net/http.rb:1626:in `start'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/net-http-0.7.0/lib/net/http.rb:1064:in `start'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/completions/endpoints/base.rb:140:in `perform_completion!'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/completions/llm.rb:447:in `generate'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/personas/bot.rb:90:in `reply'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/translation/base_translator.rb:53:in `get_translation'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/translation/base_translator.rb:29:in `block in translate'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/translation/base_translator.rb:29:in `map'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/translation/base_translator.rb:29:in `translate'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/lib/translation/topic_localizer.rb:12:in `localize'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/app/jobs/regular/localize_topics.rb:40:in `block (2 levels) in execute'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/activerecord-8.0.4/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb:101:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/activerecord-8.0.4/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb:101:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/app/jobs/regular/localize_topics.rb:38:in `block in execute'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/app/jobs/regular/localize_topics.rb:22:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/plugins/discourse-ai/app/jobs/regular/localize_topics.rb:22:in `execute'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:318:in `block (2 levels) in perform'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rails_multisite-7.0.0/lib/rails_multisite/connection_management/null_instance.rb:49:in `with_connection'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/rails_multisite-7.0.0/lib/rails_multisite/connection_management.rb:17:in `with_connection'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:305:in `block in perform'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:301:in `each'
/var/www/discourse/app/jobs/base.rb:301:in `perform'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:220:in `execute_job'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:185:in `block (4 levels) in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:180:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/lib/sidekiq/discourse_event.rb:6:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/lib/sidekiq/pausable.rb:131:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job/interrupt_handler.rb:9:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:183:in `block in traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/metrics/tracking.rb:26:in `track'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/metrics/tracking.rb:134:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:182:in `traverse'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:173:in `invoke'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:184:in `block (3 levels) in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:145:in `block (6 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_retry.rb:118:in `local'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:144:in `block (5 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/config.rb:39:in `block in <class:Config>'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:139:in `block (4 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:281:in `stats'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:134:in `block (3 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_logger.rb:15:in `call'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:133:in `block (2 levels) in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_retry.rb:85:in `global'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:132:in `block in dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/job_logger.rb:40:in `prepare'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:131:in `dispatch'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:183:in `block (2 levels) in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:182:in `handle_interrupt'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:182:in `block in process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:181:in `handle_interrupt'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:181:in `process'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:86:in `process_one'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:76:in `run'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/component.rb:10:in `watchdog'
/var/www/discourse/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.3.0/gems/sidekiq-7.3.9/lib/sidekiq/component.rb:19:in `block in safe_thread'

翻訳の無料枠の使用は推奨しません。簡単な投稿を翻訳するだけで、無料枠のクォータをすべて使い切ってしまう可能性があります。

クォータを消費している投稿を確認するには、次のクエリを使用できます。

-- [params]
-- date :start_date = '2025-11-01'

SELECT 
  feature_name,
  created_at,
  post_id,
  response_tokens
FROM 
  ai_api_audit_logs
WHERE 
  post_id IS NOT NULL
  AND created_at > :start_date
  AND (response_tokens IS NULL OR response_tokens != 1)
ORDER BY 
  created_at DESC

まだサイトにアクセスできるため、データエクスプローラーで作成しました。実際にクォータを使い切ったのは投稿でした。サイトの /admin/plugins/explorer/queries/7 で確認できます。

データクエリの作成ありがとうございます。1回の翻訳あたり約1400トークンを使用しているようです。Geminiの-tier制限は1分あたり250,000トークンで、1日あたりの制限はありませんが、これが該当するかは不明です。

ログによると、1日あたり250回のリクエスト制限に達しています。各翻訳(またはDiscourseから送信される他のAIリクエスト)で使用されているリクエスト数を確認する方法はありますか?

いいえ、リクエストは追跡していません。実際、この機能のためにリクエスト数に制限がある無料プランの使用はお勧めしません。翻訳用のキーを購入するか、この機能をオフにすることを推奨します。

AI機能を使用する際、私たちが重視するのはトークン使用量であり、これは \u003c/admin/plugins/discourse-ai/ai-usage\u003e で非常に優れた機能として提供されています。リクエスト数は当システムでは考慮していません。

「いいね!」 2

素晴らしい指摘、ありがとうございます。このダッシュボードにはリクエストの総数とトークン数が記録されているのを確認しました。サービス(ボット、要約、翻訳など)別に分解できるフィルターが追加されたのは素晴らしいですね。


ところで、翻訳が1件だけだったのに、なぜ250件以上のリクエストが必要になるのか、という質問ですね。

リクエスト数について尋ねたのは、有料プランでも1日あたり10,000リクエストの制限があるためです。1つの投稿の翻訳に270リクエストかかるため、気づかないうちに有料プランの制限を超えてしまうでしょう。

最近の数週間で、Google Geminiの有料プランを活用してMeta上の100万件を超える投稿を翻訳することができました。そのため、十分に機能することを保証できます。

「いいね!」 1

それは素晴らしいですね。それでは、なぜ私たちのDiscourseインスタンスが単一の投稿を翻訳するために270回のリクエストを使用しているのでしょうか?設定に何か調整が必要なのか、それとも何か見落としているのでしょうか?

/logs を確認し、失敗を順に確認して、どのジョブで失敗しているかを確認できます。すべてのAI機能で同じキーを使用しており、翻訳だけでなく、要約機能など他の機能も同じAPIを使用しています。

「いいね!」 2

正しいそして素晴らしい指摘です。私は、各ペルソナやモデルごとに異なるプロジェクトを使用することで、APIのレート制限が重ならないようにして、より高い制限を得る方法を検討します。

ここで私の質問は、Discourse内ですべてのペルソナやAIサービスが同じAPIキーを使用することに何か利点があるかどうかです。異なるAPIキーを使用する場合と、すべてが同じキーを使用する場合で、文脈や履歴が失われるようなことはあるのでしょうか?それとも、完全にトランザクショナルで、互いに独立しているのでしょうか。

同じLLMの複数のインスタンスを異なるAPIキーで作成できます。

「いいね!」 2