Formatting text on home page for logged out users

My front/home page when logged out used to look very different than now, using Grey Amber theme. The text overshoots past the gray background (see below). I haven’t changed anything in my HTML/CSS edits within a year so there must have been an update that changed the page layout. I also used to have the login button on the top right. It got moved to the bottom of the page. Instead, at the top, I have my mini logo image, which should not be there. I only used to see the big image.

I know nothing about HTML / CSS, here is how I had edited the home page:

How should I change this so my text fits, the login button appears at the top (right, center or left, doesn’t matter), and the mini logo doesn’t show?

Yes, we’ve changed the default to be more stylized, which unfortunately has the effect of clashing with sites that added their own styles. Taking a look at your site… I think adding this CSS would get you closer back to where you were:

body.static-login {
  .body-page {
    margin: 2em auto;
  }
  .logo-container {
    display: none;
  }
  .login-welcome {
    img {
      max-width: 100%;
    }
  }
  .body-page-button-container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    button {
     margin: 0;
    }
  }
}

Was there any recent change that explains why my logged-out home page is now empty?

It looks like there was a change 5 days ago (https://github.com/discourse/discourse/pull/19466) that removed the below-static plugin outlet (which appears to be how you were adding that content). There’s now a below-login outlet that should take its place. Sorry for the repeat regressions here.