Sorry but what does this have to do with Discourse? Discourse ships with PostgreSQL inside the container image, so we are not involved with any software installed on your server.
➜ discoursesmall git:(6a42acbf) docker run --rm -it discourse/base:2.0.20201125-2246
root@f89c549fdef1:/# ls /etc/postgresql
12
By default, none since it uses the container one. If talking only about versions, we are currently using 12 and will migrate to 13 very soon.