Negative SEO because of too much category pages getting indexed

I tried to write about this earlier. This is an example:
https://meta.discourse.org/t/seo-for-discourse-not-working-properly/60709/5?u=stranik

Possible

Disallow: /latest?exclude_*
Disallow: /*?no_subcategories=*

I think it is more correct to look directly into the search index. I don’t know if there is such a mechanism in the Google search engine. In Yandex there is a detailed report: duplicates, poor content, all types of errors, are excluded and the included page, graphics crawls, etc. According to the results, a lot of duplicate pages.