Coming back to this Topic as the other one is slightly different.
Do we still need to be doing something like in the post above?
Looking through the /etc/nginx/conf.d/discourse.conf file there seems to be no mention of set_real_ip_from (searching the Discourse repo for the same yields no results either). From the discourse.conf file these seem most relevant:
(mentions of IP)
    # This big block is needed so we can selectively enable
    # acceleration for backups and avatars
    # see note about repetition above
    location ~ ^/(letter_avatar/|user_avatar|highlight-js|stylesheets|favicon/proxied|service-worker) {
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
    # we need buffering off for message bus
    location /message-bus/ {
      proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
      proxy_http_version 1.1;
      proxy_buffering off;
      proxy_pass http://discourse;
      break;
    }
    # auth_basic on;
    # auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;
    location ~* (assets|plugins|uploads)/.*\.(eot|ttf|woff|woff2|ico)$ {
      expires 1y;
      add_header Cache-Control public,immutable;
      add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
     }
    location = /srv/status {
      access_log off;
      log_not_found off;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Request-Start "t=${msec}";
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $thescheme;
      proxy_pass http://discourse;
      break;
    }
Which appear to be setting the correct remote address 
For completeness I received a couple of 429s after a peak in traffic a couple of days ago, and looking at my app.yml I found that the set_real_ip_from   my.server.ip; and   real_ip_header     CF-Connecting-IP; lines were commented out… but it doesn’t look like they do anything anyway? Can you remember what the outcome of your investigations were after?
Currently I am recommending adding those lines to the app.yml in the following guide: How to set up Discourse on a server with existing Apache sites (and so may be giving bad advice to others?)