I had recently worked on aliyun for a client and had no difficulty setting up discourse.
Discourse doesn’t make any calls to Facebook or Google except in case you’re using the social logins which are optional.
The source code is hosted on Github and some dependencies are downloaded in the form of ruby gems. Almost everything else is coming from the OS repo. There may be a few items being downloaded from elsewhere but nothing hindered the process of setting up discourse in my experience.