The Preferences page is missing translations for non-English languages, resulting in English text being displayed. HamMan2118 reported this issue and noted that custom items, such as fields, badges, and sections, tend to have missing translations. gerhard clarified that only some languages are fully translated and that Discourse falls back to English when translations are missing. He also pointed out that custom user field names and badges cannot be translated, which is a feature request (#221479). Users can contribute to translations at https://discourse.crowdin.com and view the current translation status at https://bot.translate.discourse.org/languages.
As I was testing another bug I came across this very interesting one - all of the languages except English are missing their respective translation throughout the site, and as a result, are in English.
I am unable at this time to compile a list of all of the missing translations, but to repro this:
1.) Select a non-English language in your Preferences > Interface
2.) Refresh the site.
3.) Open up your User Page and head to Preferences
4.) Notice multiple missing translations.
I have noticed that custom items, such as custom (non-default) fields, badges, and sections tend to have missing translations.