トピック表示で親カテゴリとサブカテゴリの関係を明示した方が良いでしょうか?

With a little CSS you can separate the blocks and make them the same width.

.badge-wrapper.bullet .badge-category-parent-bg {
    width: 9px;
    margin-right: 1px;
}

.badge-wrapper.bullet .badge-category-parent-bg+.badge-category-bg {
    width: 9px;
}

Anything specific you had in mind?