Cloudflare or plugins breaking my Discourse instance?

Turns out I’m still facing this issue with some of the users.

I think my issue is related to this issue mentioned below and I’m experiencing this issue after upgrading to this version

I am not able to figure out what is causing this issue. It works for the new users and for others it doesn’t work. I was using a discourse follow plugin and then I commented that out. And now I’m seeing this issue. Could it be possible that I’m having this issue because I have removed that plugin? Because I’m assuming that it’s happening with those users which probably had some followers or used that plugin? It’s a wild assumption actually. Can this plugin be responsible for that?