Dumb question: do I want to make a theme, plugin or component?

You can create a new component directly from the discourse admin (in Customize) to override this file’s contents.

See: Developer’s guide to Discourse Themes

In your new component, go to Custom HTML/CSS, and in </head>, put this:

<script type="text/x-handlebars" data-template-name="components/user-card-contents">
//Here goes all user-card-contents template code
</script>
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