Unfortunately, this won’t work. Docker uses specific features of the Linux kernel to separate the containerized processes from the rest of the system. While Microsoft has taught the Windows kernel to execute most Linux binaries now, this approach is (currently) incompatible with Docker.
In principle, it appears that Discourse will run inside the Linux subsystem when you install it directly within Bash, similar to the native dev installation instructions for Ubuntu. @sam has left some notes on how to do this:
It looks like this is working fine, but is rather on the slow side, with an up to 10x slowdown compared to native Linux, depending on the workload. If that’s okay for development for you, just follow @sam’s instructions 