I haven’t seen the feature that I think you are asking for. The same question was asked for quotes between different Discourse instances instead of within one instance. That answer was no but there is a similar feature which might be useful to you.
When a quote displays the name of the user, you can click on that name and the entire post will be displayed with the quoted text highlighted. But this does not jump me to the quoted section of the post. Instead I have to scroll down to find it. For example, if I click on the user name “agent007” in the following quotation box then I can see where in the quote the quoted text is located.
Here’s what I see when I do that:
