Great question, but no this is not an option. There is not anything in the core app that is listening for params to filter by.
I think you will be best off just filtering out the results either with a tool like jq on the command line or using whatever programming language you are using to make the api requests.
If this is indeed a must have requirement two options do exist though. You could use the data explorer plugin with a query that returns only the data you need and then make an api request to that query. Another alternative would be to create a custom plugin that you create a new route and controller for that returns only the data you need.