Correct me if I’m wrong but I don’t think that you can do this with Discourse out of the box. It can only poll single collecting mail box.
Easier would be to use some kind of email forwarder (hosting usually supports that) from email box on external domain (foo @ fairphone.community) to the proper Discourse collecting mailbox for that category / group (reply+category1foo @ forum.fairphone.com). That is definitely doable.