Try to execute the command ./launcher cleanup. This operation can assist you in purging the storage space consumed by Docker.
Additionally, if you are certain that you previously followed the official installation guide, you can execute ./launcher destroy app to remove the previous broken container. However, it is imperative to ensure that your database and uploads are stored on the host file system rather than within the container itself.
Indeed, you can perform the rebuild on a separate machine and subsequently transfer the Docker image to your VM. However, you’ll need to manually execute rake db:migrate command on your VM. I’m not entirely certain whether this approach might introduce other issues.