تطوير إضافات Discourse - الجزء الأول - إنشاء إضافة أساسية

[Discourse]

إنشاء إضافة (Plugin) في Discourse يمكن أن يكون بسيطًا للغاية، بمجرد أن تتعلم بعض الخصائص الفريدة. الهدف من هذا المنشور هو إنشاء هيكل أساسي (skeleton) لإضافة، وتقديمك إلى الأساسيات.

بيئة التطوير

تأكد من أن لديك بيئة تطوير لـ Discourse تعمل على جهازك. أنصحك باستخدام دليل الإعداد المناسب والعودة عندما تنتهي.

plugin.rb

استخدم GitHub - discourse/discourse-plugin-skeleton: Template for Discourse plugins · GitHub لإنشاء هيكل كامل لإضافة Discourse في مجلد إضافاتك

الهيكل أصبح الآن مدمجًا في نواة discourse، الأمر rake plugin:create[plugin-name] سيقوم بإنشاء إضافة باستخدام هذا الهيكل

عند بدء تشغيل Discourse، يبحث في مجلد plugins عن مجلدات فرعية تحتوي على ملف plugin.rb. لملف plugin.rb غرضان: فهو بيان (manifest) لإضافتك يحتوي على المعلومات المطلوبة حول إضافتك بما في ذلك: اسمها، معلومات الاتصال، ووصف. الغرض الثاني هو تهيئة أي كود ruby ضروري لتشغيل إضافتك.

في حالتنا، لن نضيف أي كود ruby، لكننا نحتاج إلى plugin.rb على أي حال. لنقم بإنشاء المجلد basic-plugin مع ملف plugin.rb بداخله، بالمحتوى التالي:

basic-plugin/plugin.rb

# name: basic-plugin
# about: A super simple plugin to demonstrate how plugins work
# version: 0.0.1
# authors: Awesome Plugin Developer
# url: https://github.com/yourusername/basic-plugin

بمجرد إنشاء هذا الملف، يجب عليك إعادة تشغيل الخادم المحلي، ويجب أن يتم تحميل الإضافة.

ملاحظة هامة!

إذا كنت معتادًا على تطوير rails العادي، فقد تلاحظ أن الإضافات ليست بنفس السلاسة عندما يتعلق الأمر بإعادة التحميل. بشكل عام، عند إجراء تغييرات على إضافتك، يجب عليك إيقاف تشغيل الخادم بالضغط على Ctrl+c، ثم تشغيله مرة أخرى باستخدام bin/dev.

تغييراتي لم يتم التقاطها!

أحيانًا لا يتم مسح ذاكرة التخزين المؤقت (cache) بالكامل، خاصة عند إنشاء ملفات جديدة أو حذف ملفات قديمة. للتغلب على هذه المشكلة، احذف مجلد tmp وابدأ rails مرة أخرى. على جهاز Mac يمكنك القيام بذلك بأمر واحد: rm -rf tmp; bin/dev.

التحقق من أن إضافتك تم تحميلها

بمجرد إعادة تشغيل الخادم المحلي، قم بزيارة الرابط /admin/plugins (تأكد من أنك مسجل الدخول بحساب مسؤول أولاً، حيث يمكن للمسؤولين فقط رؤية سجل الإضافات).

إذا سار كل شيء على ما يرام، يجب أن ترى إضافتك في القائمة:

تهانينا، لقد أنشأت إضافتك الأولى!

لنضيف بعض JavaScript

حاليًا، إضافتك لا تفعل شيئًا. لنضيف ملف javascript سيعرض مربع تنبيه (alert box) عند تحميل discourse. سيكون هذا مزعجًا للغاية لأي مستخدم ولا يُنصح به كإضافة فعلية، لكنه سيوضح كيفية إدراج JavaScript في تطبيقنا العامل.

قم بإنشاء الملف التالي:

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers/alert.js

export default {
  name: "alert",
  initialize() {
    alert("alert boxes are annoying!");
  },
};

الآن، إذا أعدت تشغيل الخادم المحلي، يجب أن ترى عبارة “alert boxes are annoying!” تظهر على الشاشة. (إذا لم يحدث ذلك، راجع قسم “تغييراتي لم يتم التقاطها” أعلاه).

لنتعرف على كيفية عمل ذلك خطوة بخطوة:

1. ملفات JavaScript الموجودة في assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers يتم تنفيذها تلقائيًا عند تحميل تطبيق Discourse.

2. هذا الملف بالتحديد exports كائنًا واحدًا، يحتوي على name ودالة initialize.

3. يجب أن يكون name فريدًا، لذا سميتها alert فقط.

4. تُستدعى دالة initialize() عند تحميل التطبيق. في حالتنا، كل ما تفعله هو تنفيذ كود alert() الخاص بنا.

أنت الآن مطور إضافات Discourse معتمد!

---

المزيد في السلسلة

الجزء 1: هذا الموضوع
الجزء 2: Plugin Outlets
الجزء 3: Site Settings
الجزء 4: git setup
الجزء 5: Admin interfaces
الجزء 6: Acceptance tests
الجزء 7: Publish your plugin

---

هذا المستند مُدار بإصدارات - اقترح التغييرات على github.

[Ishan_Dutta]

I am able to create plugin in development, it works fine. Thanks.
But I don’t see a way to install other’s plugin in development
So first question is how can I fork someone’s plugin in development and then build on top of that(hope copy paste that repo is not the recommended way)?
Second question is, it seems my created plugin is part of my repo, is there a way to create a separate github repo for the plugin automatically which others can directly use to install?

[eviltrout (Robin Ward)]

I have a preferred method to do this. First, I have a ~/code directory where I have all my git projects. So I check out discourse and the plugin in that directory so it’s something like this:

~/code

discourse
discourse-some-plugin

Then, within the ~/code/discourse/plugins folder I create a symlink to the plugin:

$ cd ~/code/discourse/plugins
$ ln -s ~/code/discourse-some-plugin .

Then for good measure:

$ cd ~/code/discourse
$ rm -rf tmp
$ bundle exec rails server

Now you can fork the plugin in ~/code/discourse-some-plugin, make pull requests or whatever you want. It’ll be used by discourse.

[Jithin_Krishnan]

What is the best way to render ajax response inside a widget?
I was able to console.log the ajax response, but it is not rendering inside the widget.

Tried to call this.scheduleRerender() after getting ajax response but both results in an infinite loop.

[Jithin_Krishnan]

I am getting following error when trying to load a helper module inside my widget

Could you please help me to resolve this error?
Thanks

[eviltrout (Robin Ward)]

@Jithin_Krishnan

What is the best way to render ajax response inside a widget?

You should make sure your widget can contain state. After the ajax request, set it on the state object and trigger a this.scheduleRerender and it should appear. For an example look at how the post menu shows who liked something.

@Jithin_Krishnan

I am getting following error when trying to load a helper module inside my widget

Looks like you have the wrong path to your helper. One way to see all the paths that Discourse has resolved is by typing require._eak_seen in your console. Look for the correct path name.

[Jithin_Krishnan]

Thanks Robin Ward for your help. I was able to load my module after investigating with require._eak_seen.

Below is the code for my widget. The problem is that this.scheduleRerender() is causing an infinite loop. The div always shows loading animation (even without this.scheduleRerender) which seems this.state.loading is not being set.

import { createWidget } from 'discourse/widgets/widget';
import { getTopic } from 'discourse/plugins/my-plugin/discourse/helpers/topics';
import { ajax } from 'discourse/lib/ajax';
import { h } from 'virtual-dom';

export default createWidget('topic-widget', {
  tagName: 'div.my-topics',
  defaultState() {
    return { loading: false};
  },

  refreshTopic() {
    if (this.state.loading) { return; }
    this.state.loading = true;
    this.state.topic = 'empty';
    getTopic(this).then((result) => {
      console.log(result);
      this.state.topic = result;
      this.state.loading = false;
      this.scheduleRerender();
    });
  },

  html(attrs, state) {
    if (!state.topic) {
      this.refreshTopic();
    }
    const result = [];
    if (state.loading) {
      result.push(h('div.spinner-container', h('div.spinner')));
    } else if (state.topic !== 'empty') {
      result.push(state.topic);
    } else {
      result.push(h('div.no-messages', 'No topic.'))
    }

    return result;
  },
});

Could you help to resolve this error?

[eviltrout (Robin Ward)]

Your code looks mostly fine, however, all widgets that deal with state require a key attribute. You should have seen a warning about this, although maybe the warning only appears when running tests?

Try adding a buildKey function like buildKey: () => 'topic-widget'.

That should probably fix it. Also, a much less serious issue is you might want to add topic: null to your state object. Javascript is much faster when it knows the shape of the object in advance.

[Jithin_Krishnan]

Thanks Robin Ward.
Adding buildKey function worked fine for me.

[tgxworld (Alan Tan)]

@Jithin_Krishnan

The problem is that this.scheduleRerender() is causing an infinite loop.

@eviltrout

Your code looks mostly fine, however, all widgets that deal with state require a key attribute. You should have seen a warning about this, although maybe the warning only appears when running tests?

@eviltrout I got bitten by this in development and didn’t get a warning about setting a key attribute.

[eviltrout (Robin Ward)]

Ah, it only warns in Ember.testing:

https://github.com/discourse/discourse/blob/master/app/assets/javascripts/discourse/widgets/widget.js.es6#L153

We might want to just raise an error if that happens now? It is pretty dangerous for Widgets to do that.

[tgxworld (Alan Tan)]

for raising an error instead. Maybe we can extend that to development too?

[eviltrout (Robin Ward)]

Hopefully this will prevent others from making this mistake:

https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/d4bbdcd7d63ddbf20239c95d1ba1cee9030d7e95

[Sudaraka (Sudaraka Jayathilaka)]

Hi,

@eviltrout

but will show how to insert Javascript into our running application.

Create the following file:

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers/alert.js.es6

Is this url correct? Shouldn’t this be ,

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/initializers/alert.js.es6

I’m new here. please correct me if im wrong

[vinothkannans (Vinoth Kannan)]

In Discourse, mainly there are two big JavaScript sections “discourse” and “admin”. Also you can see few more in https://github.com/discourse/discourse/tree/master/app/assets/javascripts.

In plugins, to differentiate admin & normal user section JavaScript files we use “discourse” and “admin” keywords in between like below

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/discourse/initializers/alert.js.es6
plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/admin/initializers/alert.js.es6

---

@Sudaraka

plugins/basic-plugin/assets/javascripts/initializers/alert.js.es6

Also it will just work even without identification keywords like you mentioned

[Sudaraka (Sudaraka Jayathilaka)]

@vinothkannans Thank you a lot for the explanation.

[pacharanero (Marcus Baw)]

@clay

I was having trouble with Discourse seeing the plugin when I used a symlink (on MacOS High Sierra). I deleted the symlink and moved the plugin folder into the Discourse hierarchy and everything worked as expected. Maybe this will help others who run into a similar issue.

I’m experiencing the same issue with getting symlinks to work (I’m on Linux) - the ln -s appears to work, but from inside the docker container the path is inaccessible. The plugin works when it is directly copied into the plugins folder, but I like the symlink workflow as it enables a more sensible Git arrangment.

This SO question appears to suggest that symlinks won’t work this way unless we also add the linked-to plugin volume to the docker run command https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38485607/mount-host-directory-with-a-symbolic-link-inside-in-docker-container

Anyone any thoughts on this? What are the pro plugin developers doing for a sensible Git workflow?

[merefield (Robert)]

I’m using symlinks but my dev setup is Docker-frei.

Symlinks are a really nice way of being able to include or exclude plugins on a ‘build’ very quickly without disturbing the codebase.

[pacharanero (Marcus Baw)]

@pacharanero

I’m experiencing the same issue with getting symlinks to work (I’m on Linux) - the ln -s appears to work, but from inside the docker container the path is inaccessible. The plugin works when it is directly copied into the plugins folder, but I like the symlink workflow as it enables a more sensible Git arrangment.

Here’s what I’ve had to do in order to preserve a similar workflow to using symlinks (softlinks):

I edited /bin/docker/boot_dev in Discourse (outside the container) so that the plugin I want to work on is added as a volume and mounted in the /src/plugins/ directory (inside the container).

In my case it looks like this:

docker run -d -p 9405:9405 -p 1080:1080 -p 3000:3000 -p 9292:9292 \
-v "$DATA_DIR:/shared/postgres_data:delegated" \
-v "$SOURCE_DIR:/src:delegated" \ 
-v "/home/marcus/code/discourse/discourse-reflective-learning-plugin:/src/plugins/discourse-reflective-learning-plugin" \
$ENV_ARGS --hostname=discourse --name=discourse_dev --restart=always \
discourse/discourse_dev:release /sbin/boot

I’ve used absolute paths because I couldn’t be bothered to get into relative paths inside Docker and $SOURCE_DIR environment variables, but I’m sure there’s a cleverer way to do this, so that perhaps all your plugins could be in directories at the same level as discourse and it would automagically include them all. Hope this helps someone.

[sam (Sam Saffron)]

@pacharanero

I edited /bin/docker/boot_dev in Discourse

I am totally open to a PR that automatically follows symlinks in plugins/ dir and then smart mounts volumes.