That links goes to meta.discourse.org, but you wouldn’t know without checking first.
Discourse could indicate when a link is converted from raw text as the second link or made using formatting as the first. I have not considered how to do that. Perhaps underdotting for raw text links, or the other way around.
Yes, of course, but we can mostly avoid the issue in every Discourse forum. Trust remains in the administrators. I’m saying it might be worthwhile to resolve the issue with all regular posters.
There is an existing discussion on a plugin to warn on all external links (not a fan) or warn on known bad links as vetted by google safe browsing service — which is a much better idea.
I don’t want to clutter the interface too much either. Working with cryptocurrencies where a wallet was found to be reachable by any website via JavaScript made me think of this. Known bad links will always lag behind.
If only formatted links including an url scheme would be indicated as possibly misleading, but it’s probably a rabbit hole of targetting all creative workarounds.