Try ./launcher restart app first (after deleting tmp)?
I deleted tmp in the development environment, so it might have been automatically applied here.
If that doesn’t work, try rebuilding. The language files might be pre-compiled, and the plugin’s mechanism interferes with the function that reads the language yml, running only on the first load.
If using this to substitute another term for category be aware that this plugin also replaces the word in templates such as {category}, leading to errors in the UI. To avoid this, I’m using the regex en:(?<!\{)category(?!\})=>chapter
in the plugin settings, but perhaps the plugin should be adjusted to only target user-facing content.