It works on any Linux server with internet access, so it definitely works.
However, if you are running it on your home internet without the ability to listen on the usual ports, you will want to follow Install Discourse on a residential internet with Cloudflare Tunnel to work around that.
This new guide is focused on making our “Get Started” story better, even for non-technical users. It’s optimized for signing up for a € 3 server and having Discourse running in 10 minutes.
We have @featheredtoast working on solving the Can Discourse ship frequent Docker images that do not need to be bootstrapped? problem, which when shipped could then lead to a Helm chart.
As said above, this is for enabling people to buy a cheap VPS and get started as soon as possible.
Advanced configurations with custom reverse proxies are still possible as they always have been, but when you choose to walk outside the beaten path, you also sign up for spending more time on the downfall of the chosen complexity.